Here we will introduce 3 free Spotify music converters which can download Spotify songs as MP3. Besides, a professional Spotify Music Converter will be also introduced to slove the download failure problem when the free Spotify to MP3 converters are not working. Tunelf Spotify Music Converter is an excellent music converter for both premium and free Spotify users which can download music from Spotify and convert Spotify music to MP3 and other audio formats. With its help, you can stream Spotify music to any devices like wearables, game consoles, smart speakers, and more even without an internet connection.
“Is there any chance to download Spotify to mp3? I‘d enjoy having them on my computer or on CDs to play in my car.” – Question from Reddit.
Yes, you are in the right place.
It’s the year 2020, a tough year, isn’t it? Why don’t we get some music and sit down to enjoy it?
Spotify offers millions of music for online listening but it’s not convenient enough. Many Spotify users want to convert their favorite Spotify playlist to MP3 format for listening to it anywhere and any music player without an internet connection.
However, Spotify doesn’t allow us to download music to the local computer or a phone as mp3 files even if you are a premium user.
So, how to download MP3 music from Spotify and burn CDs from Spotify?
Check it out:
This post will show you how to download music from Spotify to MP3 with a Spotify music converter step by step on your computer or phone.
Where do you want to save mp3 from the Spotify playlist?
Now, tell me where do you want to convert Spotify music to mp3 format? On a computer or phone?
1.Download Spotify to mp3 on a computer
If you prefer to download a Spotify playlist on your computer and then transfer songs to an MP3 player or a phone, click the link below to read the solution by using the Spotify to mp3 converter:
Go to Spotify to MP3 converter (desktop software) Convert Spotify to MP3 on your computer. The best part of this way is that you will get the best sound quality from Spotify.
2.Download Spotify music on a phone
If you are browsing this page on your phone, then the below link will bring you to learn how to download Spotify on your phone (iPhone or Android phone).
Go to Android/ Apple iOS Spotify downloader to download Spotify music on your phone without a premium account.
Software programs (Windows and Mac )
NO. 1: The Best:Cinch Audio Recorder
A highly recommend a professional Spotify recording tool, which is the CinchAudio Recorder. That’s the best 1-click tool for downloading music from Spotify and other streaming music services.
The best part is that you will record Spotify to mp3 format as the same as the original Spotify music quality. In a nutshell, if you want to get high-quality MP3 (up to 320kbps) from Spotify, the recording method is the best way to go.
How to convert Spotify music to MP3 with Cinch?
Well, using this software to convert Spotify to mp3 format is very simple :
Step 1: Start the software and press the yellow “Record” button on the upper-left corner.
Step 2: Play your Spotify music playlist. When the music starts playing, this recorder will start recording automatically. The default output is the MP3 format. You could change to WAV format if you want to save music as a raw audio file.
Step 3: After the recording is finished, right-click on a recorded song in the library and then select the “Open folder” you will see all recorded songs in MP3 format.
That’s it. With only three steps, you have downloaded Spotify to MP3 on your computer. Now you could transfer recorded Spotify mp3 files to your iPod or other MP3 players for listening offline.
Note: The free Spotify account can only play music with up to 160kbps sound quality. The premium Spotify users could play music with up to 320kpbs sound quality.
P.S. Spotify offers 3 months of premium for free (ends Dec 31, 2020). Enjoy ad-free music, offline listening, and more. Cancel anytime. Check it here.
The features include:
- Converting Spotify playlists to MP3 files and maintain the output music as same as the original quality (lossless .wav files)
- Automatically get the song’s tags such as artist, album, and title (accuracy rate is near 100%)
- Recording Spotify playlist while you muted the sound volume on the computer so that you can recording music under any circumstances
- Filter out ads (between every two songs) while recording, automatically
- Support all music streaming services
- Edit the recorded music and save it as a ringtonefor your phone
- Fix ID3 tags of your local music in batch
- 100% working for all streaming music services (Apple Music, Google Music, Amazon Prime Music, etc. )
- Not require Spotify premium account
Pros:
- Automatic ID3 tagger captures the title, artist, and album (included cover)
- Convert Spotify music lossless WAV format (320kbp/s for MP3)
- Mute sound while Spotify recording
- Support all streaming music sites
Cons:
- Working for Windows 7 and newer version
- No burn to CD option
- Not free
NO. 2: Leawo Music Recorder
Leawo Spotify music converter allows you to convert Spotify music and other online music services freely into MP3 files. It can recognize the ID3 information about the music, like the artist, album cover, etc., of its own accord smartly. It also filters the ads.
It offers extensive music collections for you to download from
- 300,000+ Songs;
- 35,000+ Albums;
- Top 100+ Charts;
- 1,000+ Refined Playlists
Discover, save, and share the music you love.
You can also schedule the downloading, converting Spotify songs to mp3. That makes it convenient for users. The software is compatible with both the PC and the Mac.
Pros:
- Support downloading mp3 from all streaming music services
- Convert Spotify music as mp3, m4a
- One-click to transfer recorded music from Spotify to iTunes
- Record sound from microphone
- schedule recording time
- Not require a premium account
Cons:
- Not free
- Installed a virtual sound card on your computer
- Need play music at the maximum sound volume when recording
- Low accurate of getting ID3 tags
No. 3: Audials Tunebite 2019 Premium
Audials Tunebite is a smart Spotify music converter to help you convert Spotify music to mp3 format. Check out the great features of Audial:
- Record all protected music streams from music services like Spotify, Amazon Prime Music, Apple Music, Deezer, Tidal, and much more as mp3 files.
- Convert Spotify music or audiobooks into 40 file formats for the smartphone, tablet, PC, or games console.
- Manage Spotify MP3 files on the PC and in the cloud.
- Support many output formats:
Audio Output Formats | |
---|---|
AAC | AIFF |
AU | CAF |
FLAC | M4A |
MP3 | WAV |
WMA | WMA Pro |
Pros:
- Rich features and nice interface
- Fast converting Spotify playlist to mp3 format
- Support major streaming music services like Apple Music, Amazon Prime Music, Tidal, Spotify, Google Music.
- Output formats included MP3 and other popular audio formats
- Not require Spotify premium account
Cons:
- Not easy to use
- The price is a litter bit high
- Only support Windows OS
No. 4: Solutery Music Recorder
It’s a Spotify music converter that works like a Cinch audio recorder but has a friendly user interface. This Spotify to mp3 recorder supports all streaming music sites and saves as high-quality mp3 format files with 320 kbps. Each recorded songs will add ID3 tags like name, singer, and album (included CD cover)
Pros:
- Nice interface
- Add ID3 tags title, artist, and album to recorded mp3 format
- Support lossless WAV format as an output format
- Output MP3 format up to 320kbp/s (For Spotify premium user only)
- Mute sound on the computer when you are recording Spotify music
Cons:
- Not working on Windows XP
- No Mac version
- Not free
NO. 5: Allavsoft
Allavsoft is a highly intuitive software program for downloading Spotify. It can convert Spotify music to mp3 format with ID3 Tag, album, and cover artist.
It is not only Spotify to MP3 converter but also a video converter. It converts video formats like FLV, F4F, F4V, WebM F4M to other formats such as WMV, MP4, AVI, MPEG-1, MOV, MPEG-2, FLV, WebM, RMVB, DV, and OGV.
Aside from acquiring videos from their original format, Allavsoft also extracts the audio part from various online video sources and converts it to commonly-known audio formats like MP3 format.
*The free trial version allows downloading five songs from Spotify for free.
Borderless access to millions of videos
Allavsoft provides easy access to download videos in ultra-high-definition 4K 4096p, HD 1080p, 720p, 3K, 3D or SD 480p and other low display resolutions.
Downloaded files are playable in all popular multimedia players, including smartphones, home theater systems, laptops, and car stereos.
Allavsoft features a built-in video player intended for this particular purpose to ensure the quality of downloaded videos. The sensational video converter can also be applied as an add-on to your favorite browsers like Firefox, Safari, IE, and Chrome.
Allavsoft features an easy-to-navigate user interface with minimal menu displays and graphics, perfect not to clutter your screen. It allows batch downloading and provides users all the appropriate settings to enhance video quality.
Allavsoft is comfortable to use since you only need to paste the video URLs straight to the text fields before starting the process.
Results will always vary according to some videos and steady connection speed.
Allavsoft is an excellent Spotify to MP3 software program that provides you with nothing less than high-quality music playlists.
No 6: Sidify/NoteBurner/Ondesoft Spotify to mp3 Converter
Those are Spotify downloading tools. They are basically from the same company with a slightly different user-interface. It works like a Spotify URL to an MP3 downloader. The method behind the software is that when you give your Spotify URL to those Spotify downloading software, it will search for music on YouTube with the song titles of the Playlist. Namely, you download music from YouTube, not Spotify itself. So, those software programs are not real Spotify to mp3 downloader. They are more of a YouTube downloader.
Download Spotify To Mp3 Free
Here is what music converter can provide to its users:
- Converts Spotify to MP3 format or other audio formats
- Produces Spotify music in high-quality 320kbps bitrate without signing up a premium account from Spotify
- Extracts audio MP3
- from Spotify music without disrupting the sound quality
- Provides easy access to enjoy Spotify music on USB players, car stereos, and home theater components
- Allows smooth transfer of playlist from one music library to another location
How it works
They worked similarly to ALLTOMP3. You got a Spotify playlist or song link and past it into the search bar and click the search button. The software will find those Spotify titles from other music sources and download the songs on your computer.
Pros:
- Neat interface
- Fast Spotify tracks downloading.
Cons:
- Not free
- Only works on Spotify music
- It works the same as APPTOMP, which is a free application.
No. 7 Replay Music
Replay Music is feature-packed recording software that recorder MP3 songs from Spotify and other popular streaming music sites. Spotify music recording and Replay Music allow users to record crystal-clear videos, meaning they can directly record uploaded videos from YouTube, DailyMotion, and Vimeo.
This efficient tool can detect Spotify commercial ads in between music tracks and automatically delete them. Your offline music library will always appear organized since Replay Music features an outstanding ID3 tagging system that automatically tags the recorded Spotify MP3 with track information.
Pros:
- Record Spotify to MP3 format with high quality
- Support Spotify and other streaming music sites
Cons:
- Not free
- Only for Windows
- Get wrong ID3 info for recorded songs
Web browser (Online solutions)
If you are not familiar with the software installation, download Spotify music on your web browser will be a good option for you to try:
Web browser (Online solutions) No need to download and install a Spotify to mp3 converter program. Download Spotify music online solution is the fastest way to download thousands of songs from Spotify.
Many sites called themselves Spotify to mp3 online converter, but only three left when I wrote this review. The Spotify company is hunting online downloading sites and asking for their web host company to remove them. That is why only a few sites are left today.
How it works
Those online Spotify downloading sites work very directly. Just copy a Spotify playlist and paste it into the search bar on one of those sites, and then click the “Download” or “Convert” button. Waiting for a while, you will get mp3 for each song listed in the playlist.
The method behind it is downloading music from a site such as Youtube by searching the title. The advantage of Spotify downloading is that.
- Fast downloading speed
- Works on any platform (Windows, Mac, Android, or iOS)
- No need for a Spotify premium account
The disadvantage is that you will sometimes get low quality, the wrong version of the song you want to download, or can’t find the song you want.
Note: It’s illegal. Downloading massive amounts of music from unknown sources may against your local law. Check this news
ALLTOMP3
ALLTOMP3 is a Spotify converter that downloads Spotify songs by a Spotify song/playlist URL. It supports three leading platforms that included Windows, Mac, and Linux. AllTOMP3 is an open source app, which means it’s free for everyone.
How to download the Spotify playlist to mp3 with ALLTOMP3?
It’s straightforward to download Spotify to mp3 if you follow the step by step as below:
Free Spotify To Mp3 Converter
- Install the app on your computer and launch it.
- Open Spotify and copy a Spotify playlist or song URL and paste it into the search bar of ALLTOMP3.
- Press the enter button on your keyboard
That’s it. ALLTOMP3 will start to download the Spotify playlist quickly. The default output format is MP3 format. You could set it as .aac format, preferably. You can find the downloaded songs in the Music folder if you have a Windows computer.
If the Alltomp3 is working on your computer, try its alternatives.
4hub
Official site: https://4hub.net/spotify-downloader/
4hub is a Spotify to MP3 converter online site. A neat web design, the search bar is placed in the center of the page. It takes approx 10 seconds to download a song as we tested. It is free to use, and no extra plugin needs to install.
How to use it?
Just copy and paste a Spotify songs/playlists link into the search bar, click the “Download” button, and your song or playlist will be available to download once they are done converting.
The drawbacks:
- the limited sound quality of 128kbps
- Some songs in a playlist can’t be downloaded
- The site is unstable
Spotdl.com (NOT working)
Official site:
https://spotdl.com/
Chrome Extension: Spotify and Deezer Music Downloader
It is a free Spotify downloader extension of Chrome. It allows you to convert Spotify to MP3 without recording. You can download Spotify online on both Windows and Mac as long as you have a chrome browser.
The steps you have to follow are:
- Select Tools and Extensions from the drop-down menu on the far end corner of Chrome’s address bar.
- Install it on your Chrome browser.
- Open Spotify in the browser to play your favorite music, then Deezify will allow you to get the MP3 file.
However, when you check the review of Deezify on Google Chrome Store, you will find out people are saying that it is not working.
Pros:
- Free
- Fast download music
Cons:
- 30% of Spotify songs can’t access and download, according to my test.
- Only works for Spotify
- Built-in Adware
- Download low-quality songs
3: Download MP3 online
There are many Spotify music converter programs over there. You can find most songs on Spotify within the following sites:
This an online service that helps you to convert Spotify to MP3 in a straightforward way. It is
Android/iOS (apps)
Free Spotify to MP3 converter for Android
Fildo
Fildo is a Spotify music converter for Android that converts your Spotify playlist to mp3. It claimed that they would launch the iOS version soon but no release date yet.
You can download the APK file on the official site here (can’t find it on the Google app store) for Android users.
How to download Spotify music on Android with Fildo
Step 1: Install the app on your Android and launch it.
Step 2: Tap the “More” tab on the bottom and then tap“IMPORT SPOTIFY. “
Step 3: Log in to your Spotify account so the Fildo will import your playlist.
Step4: Once the playlist imported successfully, you can now download music by tap the dots on the right of a song
Spotify to MP3 converter for iPhone (iOS) and Android
Telegram
Telegram is a free app for both iOS and Android. You can download MP3 from Spotify on your phone directly with a Telegram bot. I will show how to use it to get music from Spotify on iPhone:
- Download the Telegram app from the Apple app store.
- Copy a song or playlist link from Spotify.
- Launch the Telegram. Tap on the search bar and type “Spotify Music Downloader.” Tap the bot in the searching result and then tap on the START option given at the bottom.
- Now paste the Spotify URL that you copied into the chatting bar and tap on the send button.
- Wait a moment, and the bot will reply to you the song with a download icon next to it. Tap on it to start downloading the Spotify playlist on your iPhone. Enjoy listening to music offline.
Is it legal to download Spotify music?
That depends. Recording music from Spotify for a person listening offline is legal in Sweden. Spotify music downloading, as I have explained the method behind it. We didn’t download mp3 from the Spotify server. Instead of that, we download music from YouTube. So, that does not matter with Spotify inc.
Update on Mar. 10.2019
Spotify has updated file encryption technology that means all Spotify downloader online tools (copy Spotify song’s URLs and download it as mp3) are NOT working anymore. They are now searching for a song’s title on YouTube or other unknown resources and then let you download. The only safe way to get Spotify music is by working with a recording method.
Wondershare Streaming recorder (Not working anymore)
Updated: This Spotify to MP3 recorder seems to stop the ID3 tagging service.
Summary
I have introduced both ways to download Spotify to MP3. One uses the recording method, and the other is downloading music from youtube or other music resources but refers to Spotify titles. If you want to get high-quality MP3 from Spotify, the recording method is the best. If you’re going to build your offline music library with thousands of songs quickly, then Spotify URL downloading might suit your needs.
Enjoy Spotify music! Let me know if you have any questions by commenting below.
It’s easy to find a few songs or a great playlist on Spotify as Spotify collects music tracks from around the world. However, when internet connections and streaming quality are poor, you could choose to listen to them offline. It would be a better way to get a good audio experience. What makes this amusing, of course, is that Spotify does have a way for you to download your favorite songs so that you can listen to them in Offline Mode.
Before you become too excited, you’ll need a Spotify Premium subscription, so you can download Spotify music. Luckily, if you are not subscribing to Premium Plan on Spotify, there is another way: by using a Spotify music downloader. With Spotify downloader, you can download Spotify music right to your mobile device or computer. There are several tools you should look into, and we picked the best one for mobile and computer users.
- Part 1. 2020 Best Free Spotify Downloader for Windows and Mac
- Part 2. 2020 Best Free Spotify Downloader for Android and iOS
Part 1. Top 5 Spotify Song Downloader for Windows and Mac
To have a good audio experience, the best solution is to download your favorite Spotify songs and playlists to your device for offline listening. By using a Spotify music downloader, you can download Spotify music without a download limit. Here we made an ultimate list of the top 5 Spotify downloaders that circulate on the Internet.
#1. Audacity
Audacity is a special one that can help you record all audio playing on your computer, including from Spotify. It can serve as a Spotify recorder and lets you record music tracks while you’re playing music on Spotify. But there is a problem that the interface is not suitable for beginners and it doesn’t keep ID3 tags.
How to Record Music Tracks from Spotify
Step 1. Open Audacity on your computer and turn off Software Playthrough before recording by clicking Transport > Transport Options > Software Playthrough (on/off).
Step 2. After toggling the function off and on, select a track to play and back to Audacity to click the Record button in the Transport Toolbar to start the recording.
Step 3. Next, save your recorded Spotify music beats by clicking File > Save Project.
Step 4. Finally, you could choose to edit the recorded audios and save them to your computer after the customization.
#2. AllToMP3
AllToMP3 is an open and neat music downloader that suits for all users from Spotify, Deezer, and SoundCloud. With it, you can download your favorite tracks from Spotify, SoundCloud, and Deezer without spending a penny. If you don’t mind the audio quality, it is a good option for you to save Spotify music to MP3.
How to Extract Music Tracks from Spotify
Step 1. Open a tab on your web browser and navigate to the website of AllToMP3 to install it on your computer.
Step 2. Then open Spotify and copy the link of the track you want to download from Spotify.
Step 3. Next, launch AllToMP3 and paste the copied link into the search box of AllToMP3 for adding it to the download list.
Step 4. Press the Enter button on your keyboard to start the download of Spotify and the tool will save Spotify music in MP3 format to your computer.
#3. 4Hub Spotify Downloader
4Hub Spotify Downloader is a free Spotify downloader online, enabling you to download your favorite music from Spotify. With an attractive and straight forward user interface, it is easy for you to start conversion and download of your playlists or songs from Spotify. The only catch is that you would get lossy audio by using this tool.
How to Download MP3 Tracks from Spotify
Step 1. Sign in to your Spotify account on your Spotify web player and go to the playlist page.
Step 2. Copy the URL of the page and paste it in the search box of Spotify Song Downloader.
Step 3. Click on the Download button displayed below the box and your download will begin in a moment.
Step 4. Now you can check the files in the Downloads folder of your web browser.
#4. Spotiload (Spotify VK Downloader)
Spotiload, formerly known as Spotify VK Downloader, is a Chrome extension that uses vk.com social network to download any Spotify playlist and save them in mp3 files. You can find it on Chrome and install it. It can help you download music tracks from Spotify but the download would be not so stable.
How to Download Music Beats from Spotify
Step 1. Install Spotiload on your Chrome browser.
Step 2. Launch the Spotify web player and select one track to play on your Spotify web player.
Step 3. Click the Download button and the tool will start downloading.
Step 4. Finally, you can find the downloaded songs in the Download folder.
#5. Spotify & Deezer Music Downloader
Spotify & Deezer Music Downloader is a Chrome extension that is free for everyone to use. It can help you save music tracks from Spotify, Deezer, and SoundCloud to your computer. With it, you can download music from the Spotify web player. But some tracks cannot be downloaded as it uses multiple MP3 libraries to search through your required tracks.
How to Download Music Tracks from Spotify
Step 1. Search for Spotify & Deezer Music Downloader in the Chrome web store and install it to your Chrome browser.
Step 2. Open Spotify & Deezer Music Downloader then it will automatically load the Spotify web player.
Step 3. Choose a playlist you want to download and click the Download button at the rear of each track.
Step 4. Your selected songs will be saved to the Downloads folder of your web browser.
Comparison: Top 5 Free Spotify Music Downloader 2020
Part 2. Best Spotify Music Downloader for Android and iOS
As there is also a demand for downloading Spotify songs on the mobile device, we’ve picked two Spotify song downloaders for Android and iOS users. Both of them can enable you to download music from Spotify and convert Spotify music to MP3 on your Android or iOS devices. Let’s check out them and have a try.
#1. Fildo – Spotify Music Downloader for Android
Fildo is an MP3 downloader and streaming Android application that lets you stream top-quality MP3 from the world. With Fildo, you can download MP3 from Spotify on your Android mobile with ease. As Fildo isn’t available in Play Store, you can only download it from its official website, and here’s how to.
Step 1. Install Fildo from the official website and launch it on your Android mobile.
Step 2. Scroll down the list until finding the More option and tap it.
Step 3. Then tap the Import Spotify tab and sign in to your Spotify account for syncing your music library.
Step 4. Once your playlists or songs are successfully imported into Fildo, you can start to download music from Spotify.
#2. Telegram – Spotify Downloader for iOS & Android
Telegram is a cross-platform available for both Android and iOS users. Since there is a bot on the platform, you would have the chance to access Spotify Database. Then you can not only share your favorite playlist with your Telegram followers but also enjoy the feature of downloading music from Spotify.
Step 1. Download and install Telegram from your app store.
Step 2. Open Spotify on your phone and copy the link of the track or playlist you want to download from Spotify.
Step 3. Then launch Telegram and search for Spotify music downloader from Telegram.
Step 4. Next, choose the Telegram Spotify bot in the searching result and tap the Start tab.
Step 5. After that, paste the link of the track or playlist into the chatting bar and tap the Send button to start downloading music from Spotify.
Step 6. Finally, tap the Download icon to start to save Spotify music to MP3 on your phone.
Download Music From Spotify To Mp3
Part 3. How to Download Spotify Music with Spotify Playlist Downloader
Another option, Tunelf Spotify Music Converter, offers downloads efficiently. It’s fast, comes with an excellent interface, and provides two methods for you to download your liked songs from Spotify that anyone can use. Meanwhile, if you want to get the exact download that you want, you can customize the output audio parameters.
What’s more, the app supports choosing between several formats, converting Spotify music to several formats, and then you can transfer Spotify music to various streaming music services like iTunes. It also gives you options for archiving songs to help you manage your Spotify songs more easily.
Freeware Spotify To Mp3 Converter
Here are the main highlights of Tunelf Spotify Music Converter:
1.Supported Output Format: MP3, M4A, FLAC, WAV, AAC, M4A, M4B
2.Downloadable Contents: tracks, albums, artists, playlists, podcasts, audiobooks
3.Audio Parameters: bit rate, audio channel, sample rate, output format
4.Conversion Speed: 5× or 1×
Key Features of Tunelf Music Converter for Spotify
- Download music from Spotify without subscribing to Premium Plan
- Support to play Spotify music on various devices and media players
- Enable you to configure the bit rate, channel, and sample rate exactly
- Allow you to add up to 100 tracks in a batch for downloading at a time
Step 1
Load liked songs to Tunelf interface
Start by opening Tunelf Spotify Music Converter on your computer then it will immediately load Spotify on your computer. Then you need to go to the music library and start to select songs you want to download. There are two methods for you to add them to the tool for downloading: drag and drop them to the interface or copy and paste the URL of the track into the search box for loading.
Step 2
Adjust the output audio parameters
After loading all your required songs from Spotify to the download list, you can go to configure the output audio parameters for Spotify music. Click the menu bar, select the Preferences option, and switch to the Convert windows. In this option, you can choose one format among six audio formats. For getting lossless audio quality, you also need to set the bit rate, sample rate, and audio channel.
Step 3
Start to download music from Spotify
Finally, when all the settings are set well, you can click the Convert button. Then the tool will start the download and conversion of Spotify music and save them to the default folder or your specific folder. Wait for a while and you can go to browse all the converted songs in the converted list by clicking the Converted icon. In the converted list, you can mouse over the name of the track and click the Search button to locate the folder.
Final Words
The different kinds of Spotify downloaders are listed above, and all of these Spotify downloaders can help you download Spotify music as MP3. If you’re eager to download Spotify music for free or don’t want to install a separate app, just choose a Spotify downloader online or the above free Spotify downloader. However, no Spotify downloader is as complete or well-crafted as Tunelf Spotify Music Converter. It not only lets you save songs from Spotify to your device but also gives you options for tweaking those parameters to get lossless audio quality.